And if KKOB tip on testing your phone on someone else's line suggests the phone is working OK check your filter (the plastic splitter device between the line in from the wall and the phone cable and modem cable), again try that on a neighbours that you know is working OK. Also worth plugging and unplugging the phone lead several times from the splitter, as sometimes the connection is not good, particularly on cheap filters. If that fails then as you are getting the ADSL signal/service it is probably an exchange/data-fill fault, you will need to report this to Turk Telecom.
You can phone them, they have an english speaking option, but I suggest you report it online, they have an english fault reporting section on the website, make sure you chase them on the original fault every 12 hours or so, or they will close your fault report. If you are desperate you could go to the main Turk Telecom office in Fethiye, but my own experience of that bunch of unhelpful scrotes is that hell would freeze over before I go back there again!! Good luck.