This is explained in the visa thread.
reisdence visa is a stamp that you get from the Turkish consulate (waste of time and money as explained).
Residence permit is the blue book you get from the foreigners police.
I have a residence permit but have never had a residence visa.
I also have a work permit but that goes into the same blue book. I have also got a work visa which is the large green stamp that takes up almost a full page in your passport and is issued at the Turkish consulate.